diff --git a/ChangeLog b/ChangeLog
index 33af03073..b39b95391 100644
--- a/ChangeLog
+++ b/ChangeLog
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ Bugfix
      Raised as a comment in #1996.
    * Reduce the stack consumption of mbedtls_mpi_fill_random() which could
      previously lead to a stack overflow on constrained targets.
+   * Add `MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST` for the mbedtls_self_test functions
+     in the header files, which missed the precompilation check. #971
 
 = mbed TLS 2.16.0 branch released 2018-12-21
 
diff --git a/include/mbedtls/aes.h b/include/mbedtls/aes.h
index b42e564ef..94e7282d3 100644
--- a/include/mbedtls/aes.h
+++ b/include/mbedtls/aes.h
@@ -655,6 +655,8 @@ MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED void mbedtls_aes_decrypt( mbedtls_aes_context *ctx,
 #undef MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED
 #endif /* !MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED_REMOVED */
 
+
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST)
 /**
  * \brief          Checkup routine.
  *
@@ -663,6 +665,8 @@ MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED void mbedtls_aes_decrypt( mbedtls_aes_context *ctx,
  */
 int mbedtls_aes_self_test( int verbose );
 
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST */
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/include/mbedtls/arc4.h b/include/mbedtls/arc4.h
index c43f4065f..fb044d5b7 100644
--- a/include/mbedtls/arc4.h
+++ b/include/mbedtls/arc4.h
@@ -123,6 +123,8 @@ void mbedtls_arc4_setup( mbedtls_arc4_context *ctx, const unsigned char *key,
 int mbedtls_arc4_crypt( mbedtls_arc4_context *ctx, size_t length, const unsigned char *input,
                 unsigned char *output );
 
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST)
+
 /**
  * \brief          Checkup routine
  *
@@ -135,6 +137,8 @@ int mbedtls_arc4_crypt( mbedtls_arc4_context *ctx, size_t length, const unsigned
  */
 int mbedtls_arc4_self_test( int verbose );
 
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST */
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/include/mbedtls/base64.h b/include/mbedtls/base64.h
index 7a64f5216..9af1149fe 100644
--- a/include/mbedtls/base64.h
+++ b/include/mbedtls/base64.h
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ int mbedtls_base64_encode( unsigned char *dst, size_t dlen, size_t *olen,
 int mbedtls_base64_decode( unsigned char *dst, size_t dlen, size_t *olen,
                    const unsigned char *src, size_t slen );
 
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST)
 /**
  * \brief          Checkup routine
  *
@@ -82,6 +83,8 @@ int mbedtls_base64_decode( unsigned char *dst, size_t dlen, size_t *olen,
  */
 int mbedtls_base64_self_test( int verbose );
 
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST */
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/include/mbedtls/bignum.h b/include/mbedtls/bignum.h
index 141a8e9ad..a54c18e37 100644
--- a/include/mbedtls/bignum.h
+++ b/include/mbedtls/bignum.h
@@ -943,6 +943,8 @@ int mbedtls_mpi_gen_prime( mbedtls_mpi *X, size_t nbits, int flags,
                    int (*f_rng)(void *, unsigned char *, size_t),
                    void *p_rng );
 
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST)
+
 /**
  * \brief          Checkup routine
  *
@@ -950,6 +952,8 @@ int mbedtls_mpi_gen_prime( mbedtls_mpi *X, size_t nbits, int flags,
  */
 int mbedtls_mpi_self_test( int verbose );
 
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST */
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/include/mbedtls/camellia.h b/include/mbedtls/camellia.h
index 0f7c42c92..3eeb66366 100644
--- a/include/mbedtls/camellia.h
+++ b/include/mbedtls/camellia.h
@@ -308,6 +308,8 @@ int mbedtls_camellia_crypt_ctr( mbedtls_camellia_context *ctx,
                        unsigned char *output );
 #endif /* MBEDTLS_CIPHER_MODE_CTR */
 
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST)
+
 /**
  * \brief          Checkup routine
  *
@@ -315,6 +317,8 @@ int mbedtls_camellia_crypt_ctr( mbedtls_camellia_context *ctx,
  */
 int mbedtls_camellia_self_test( int verbose );
 
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST */
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/include/mbedtls/ctr_drbg.h b/include/mbedtls/ctr_drbg.h
index 10f9389d9..752c08e1d 100644
--- a/include/mbedtls/ctr_drbg.h
+++ b/include/mbedtls/ctr_drbg.h
@@ -350,6 +350,8 @@ int mbedtls_ctr_drbg_write_seed_file( mbedtls_ctr_drbg_context *ctx, const char
 int mbedtls_ctr_drbg_update_seed_file( mbedtls_ctr_drbg_context *ctx, const char *path );
 #endif /* MBEDTLS_FS_IO */
 
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST)
+
 /**
  * \brief               The CTR_DRBG checkup routine.
  *
@@ -358,6 +360,8 @@ int mbedtls_ctr_drbg_update_seed_file( mbedtls_ctr_drbg_context *ctx, const char
  */
 int mbedtls_ctr_drbg_self_test( int verbose );
 
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST */
+
 /* Internal functions (do not call directly) */
 int mbedtls_ctr_drbg_seed_entropy_len( mbedtls_ctr_drbg_context *,
                                int (*)(void *, unsigned char *, size_t), void *,
diff --git a/include/mbedtls/des.h b/include/mbedtls/des.h
index d62042d14..54e6b7894 100644
--- a/include/mbedtls/des.h
+++ b/include/mbedtls/des.h
@@ -338,6 +338,8 @@ int mbedtls_des3_crypt_cbc( mbedtls_des3_context *ctx,
 void mbedtls_des_setkey( uint32_t SK[32],
                          const unsigned char key[MBEDTLS_DES_KEY_SIZE] );
 
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST)
+
 /**
  * \brief          Checkup routine
  *
@@ -345,6 +347,8 @@ void mbedtls_des_setkey( uint32_t SK[32],
  */
 int mbedtls_des_self_test( int verbose );
 
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST */
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/include/mbedtls/dhm.h b/include/mbedtls/dhm.h
index a5452c199..2909f5fbc 100644
--- a/include/mbedtls/dhm.h
+++ b/include/mbedtls/dhm.h
@@ -334,6 +334,8 @@ int mbedtls_dhm_parse_dhmfile( mbedtls_dhm_context *dhm, const char *path );
 #endif /* MBEDTLS_FS_IO */
 #endif /* MBEDTLS_ASN1_PARSE_C */
 
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST)
+
 /**
  * \brief          The DMH checkup routine.
  *
@@ -342,6 +344,7 @@ int mbedtls_dhm_parse_dhmfile( mbedtls_dhm_context *dhm, const char *path );
  */
 int mbedtls_dhm_self_test( int verbose );
 
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST */
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/include/mbedtls/gcm.h b/include/mbedtls/gcm.h
index fccabb0d9..dfce951fc 100644
--- a/include/mbedtls/gcm.h
+++ b/include/mbedtls/gcm.h
@@ -300,6 +300,8 @@ int mbedtls_gcm_finish( mbedtls_gcm_context *ctx,
  */
 void mbedtls_gcm_free( mbedtls_gcm_context *ctx );
 
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST)
+
 /**
  * \brief          The GCM checkup routine.
  *
@@ -308,6 +310,8 @@ void mbedtls_gcm_free( mbedtls_gcm_context *ctx );
  */
 int mbedtls_gcm_self_test( int verbose );
 
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST */
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/include/mbedtls/md2.h b/include/mbedtls/md2.h
index f9bd98f80..fe97cf08d 100644
--- a/include/mbedtls/md2.h
+++ b/include/mbedtls/md2.h
@@ -283,6 +283,8 @@ MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED void mbedtls_md2( const unsigned char *input,
 #undef MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED
 #endif /* !MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED_REMOVED */
 
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST)
+
 /**
  * \brief          Checkup routine
  *
@@ -295,6 +297,8 @@ MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED void mbedtls_md2( const unsigned char *input,
  */
 int mbedtls_md2_self_test( int verbose );
 
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST */
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/include/mbedtls/md4.h b/include/mbedtls/md4.h
index dc3c04894..ce703c0ba 100644
--- a/include/mbedtls/md4.h
+++ b/include/mbedtls/md4.h
@@ -288,6 +288,8 @@ MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED void mbedtls_md4( const unsigned char *input,
 #undef MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED
 #endif /* !MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED_REMOVED */
 
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST)
+
 /**
  * \brief          Checkup routine
  *
@@ -300,6 +302,8 @@ MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED void mbedtls_md4( const unsigned char *input,
  */
 int mbedtls_md4_self_test( int verbose );
 
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST */
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/include/mbedtls/md5.h b/include/mbedtls/md5.h
index 6c3354fd3..6eed6cc86 100644
--- a/include/mbedtls/md5.h
+++ b/include/mbedtls/md5.h
@@ -288,6 +288,8 @@ MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED void mbedtls_md5( const unsigned char *input,
 #undef MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED
 #endif /* !MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED_REMOVED */
 
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST)
+
 /**
  * \brief          Checkup routine
  *
@@ -300,6 +302,8 @@ MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED void mbedtls_md5( const unsigned char *input,
  */
 int mbedtls_md5_self_test( int verbose );
 
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST */
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/include/mbedtls/pkcs5.h b/include/mbedtls/pkcs5.h
index d4bb36dfa..c52350b7c 100644
--- a/include/mbedtls/pkcs5.h
+++ b/include/mbedtls/pkcs5.h
@@ -85,6 +85,8 @@ int mbedtls_pkcs5_pbkdf2_hmac( mbedtls_md_context_t *ctx, const unsigned char *p
                        unsigned int iteration_count,
                        uint32_t key_length, unsigned char *output );
 
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST)
+
 /**
  * \brief          Checkup routine
  *
@@ -92,6 +94,8 @@ int mbedtls_pkcs5_pbkdf2_hmac( mbedtls_md_context_t *ctx, const unsigned char *p
  */
 int mbedtls_pkcs5_self_test( int verbose );
 
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST */
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/include/mbedtls/ripemd160.h b/include/mbedtls/ripemd160.h
index c74b7d2c6..b42f6d2a9 100644
--- a/include/mbedtls/ripemd160.h
+++ b/include/mbedtls/ripemd160.h
@@ -219,6 +219,8 @@ MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED void mbedtls_ripemd160( const unsigned char *input,
 #undef MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED
 #endif /* !MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED_REMOVED */
 
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST)
+
 /**
  * \brief          Checkup routine
  *
@@ -226,6 +228,8 @@ MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED void mbedtls_ripemd160( const unsigned char *input,
  */
 int mbedtls_ripemd160_self_test( int verbose );
 
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST */
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/include/mbedtls/rsa.h b/include/mbedtls/rsa.h
index ed65a3445..906c42733 100644
--- a/include/mbedtls/rsa.h
+++ b/include/mbedtls/rsa.h
@@ -1252,6 +1252,8 @@ int mbedtls_rsa_copy( mbedtls_rsa_context *dst, const mbedtls_rsa_context *src )
  */
 void mbedtls_rsa_free( mbedtls_rsa_context *ctx );
 
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST)
+
 /**
  * \brief          The RSA checkup routine.
  *
@@ -1260,6 +1262,8 @@ void mbedtls_rsa_free( mbedtls_rsa_context *ctx );
  */
 int mbedtls_rsa_self_test( int verbose );
 
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST */
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/include/mbedtls/sha1.h b/include/mbedtls/sha1.h
index 38ea10b13..bb6ecf05a 100644
--- a/include/mbedtls/sha1.h
+++ b/include/mbedtls/sha1.h
@@ -328,6 +328,8 @@ MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED void mbedtls_sha1( const unsigned char *input,
 #undef MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED
 #endif /* !MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED_REMOVED */
 
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST)
+
 /**
  * \brief          The SHA-1 checkup routine.
  *
@@ -341,6 +343,8 @@ MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED void mbedtls_sha1( const unsigned char *input,
  */
 int mbedtls_sha1_self_test( int verbose );
 
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST */
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/include/mbedtls/sha256.h b/include/mbedtls/sha256.h
index 0e42f0abb..d64739820 100644
--- a/include/mbedtls/sha256.h
+++ b/include/mbedtls/sha256.h
@@ -278,6 +278,8 @@ MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED void mbedtls_sha256( const unsigned char *input,
 #undef MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED
 #endif /* !MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED_REMOVED */
 
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST)
+
 /**
  * \brief          The SHA-224 and SHA-256 checkup routine.
  *
@@ -286,6 +288,8 @@ MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED void mbedtls_sha256( const unsigned char *input,
  */
 int mbedtls_sha256_self_test( int verbose );
 
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST */
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/include/mbedtls/sha512.h b/include/mbedtls/sha512.h
index 7b26cf5cc..c06ceed1d 100644
--- a/include/mbedtls/sha512.h
+++ b/include/mbedtls/sha512.h
@@ -253,6 +253,7 @@ int mbedtls_sha512_ret( const unsigned char *input,
 #else
 #define MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED
 #endif
+
 /**
  * \brief          This function calculates the SHA-512 or SHA-384
  *                 checksum of a buffer.
@@ -280,6 +281,9 @@ MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED void mbedtls_sha512( const unsigned char *input,
 
 #undef MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED
 #endif /* !MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED_REMOVED */
+
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST)
+
  /**
  * \brief          The SHA-384 or SHA-512 checkup routine.
  *
@@ -287,6 +291,7 @@ MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED void mbedtls_sha512( const unsigned char *input,
  * \return         \c 1 on failure.
  */
 int mbedtls_sha512_self_test( int verbose );
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST */
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
diff --git a/include/mbedtls/x509.h b/include/mbedtls/x509.h
index d6db9c6e3..9ae825c18 100644
--- a/include/mbedtls/x509.h
+++ b/include/mbedtls/x509.h
@@ -269,6 +269,8 @@ int mbedtls_x509_time_is_past( const mbedtls_x509_time *to );
  */
 int mbedtls_x509_time_is_future( const mbedtls_x509_time *from );
 
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST)
+
 /**
  * \brief          Checkup routine
  *
@@ -276,6 +278,8 @@ int mbedtls_x509_time_is_future( const mbedtls_x509_time *from );
  */
 int mbedtls_x509_self_test( int verbose );
 
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST */
+
 /*
  * Internal module functions. You probably do not want to use these unless you
  * know you do.
diff --git a/include/mbedtls/xtea.h b/include/mbedtls/xtea.h
index 6430c1318..b47f55350 100644
--- a/include/mbedtls/xtea.h
+++ b/include/mbedtls/xtea.h
@@ -121,6 +121,8 @@ int mbedtls_xtea_crypt_cbc( mbedtls_xtea_context *ctx,
                     unsigned char *output);
 #endif /* MBEDTLS_CIPHER_MODE_CBC */
 
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST)
+
 /**
  * \brief          Checkup routine
  *
@@ -128,6 +130,8 @@ int mbedtls_xtea_crypt_cbc( mbedtls_xtea_context *ctx,
  */
 int mbedtls_xtea_self_test( int verbose );
 
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_SELF_TEST */
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif