Calling mbedtls_mpi_cmp_int reveals the number of leading zero limbs
to an adversary who is capable of very fine-grained timing
measurements. This is very little information, but could be practical
with secp521r1 (1/512 chance of the leading limb being 0) if the
adversary can measure the precise timing of a large number of
signature operations.
Signed-off-by: Gilles Peskine <Gilles.Peskine@arm.com>
The idiom "resize an mpi to a given size" appeared 4 times. Unify it
in a single function. Guarantee that the value is set to 0, which is
required by some of the callers and not a significant expense where
not required.
Signed-off-by: Gilles Peskine <Gilles.Peskine@arm.com>
Since the internal function mpi_fill_random_internal() assumes that X
has the right size, there is no need to call grow().
To further simplify the function, set the sign outside, and zero out
the non-randomized part directly.
Signed-off-by: Gilles Peskine <Gilles.Peskine@arm.com>
Note that this error has a negligible probability with a "crypto-sized"
bound, but macroscopic probability with a small bound.
Signed-off-by: Gilles Peskine <Gilles.Peskine@arm.com>
In real life, min << N and the probability that mbedtls_mpi_random()
fails to find a suitable value after 30 iterations is less than one in
a billion. But at least for testing purposes, it's useful to not
outright reject "silly" small values of N, and for such values, 30
iterations is not enough to have a good probability of success.
Pick 250 iterations, which is enough for cases like (min=3, N=4), but
not for cases like (min=255, N=256).
Signed-off-by: Gilles Peskine <Gilles.Peskine@arm.com>
Do more iterations with small values. This makes it more likely that a
mistake on bounds will be detected.
Signed-off-by: Gilles Peskine <Gilles.Peskine@arm.com>
This comment is no longer in the specific context of generating a
random point on an elliptic curve.
Signed-off-by: Gilles Peskine <Gilles.Peskine@arm.com>
Slightly simplify is_significantly_above_a_power_of_2() to make it
easier to understand:
* Remove the explicit negative answer for x <= 4. The only functional
difference this makes is that is_significantly_above_a_power_of_2(3)
is now true.
* Shift the most significant bit of x to position 8 rather than 15.
This makes the final comparison easier to explain.
Signed-off-by: Gilles Peskine <Gilles.Peskine@arm.com>
Add unit tests for mbedtls_mpi_fill_random() and mbedtls_mpi_random()
when the resulting MPI object previously had a nonzero value. I wrote
those to catch a bug that I introduced during the development of
mbedtls_mpi_random() (but does not appear in a committed version).
Signed-off-by: Gilles Peskine <Gilles.Peskine@arm.com>
mbedtls_mpi_random() uses mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi_ct(), which requires its
two arguments to have the same storage size. This was not the case
when the upper bound passed to mbedtls_mpi_random() had leading zero
limbs.
Fix this by forcing the result MPI to the desired size. Since this is
not what mbedtls_mpi_fill_random() does, don't call it from
mbedtls_mpi_random(), but instead call a new auxiliary function.
Add tests to cover this and other conditions with varying sizes for
the two arguments.
Signed-off-by: Gilles Peskine <Gilles.Peskine@arm.com>
Instead of generating blinding values and keys in a not-quite-uniform way
(https://github.com/ARMmbed/mbedtls/issues/4245) with copy-pasted code,
use mbedtls_mpi_random().
Signed-off-by: Gilles Peskine <Gilles.Peskine@arm.com>
dhm_make_common includes a piece of code that is identical to
dhm_random_below except for returning a different error code in one
case. Call dhm_random_below instead of repeating the code.
Signed-off-by: Gilles Peskine <Gilles.Peskine@arm.com>
P-1 is as bad as 1 as a blinding value. Don't accept it.
The chance that P-1 would be randomly generated is infinitesimal, so
this is not a practical issue, but it makes the code cleaner. It was
inconsistent to accept P-1 as a blinding value but not as a private key.
Signed-off-by: Gilles Peskine <Gilles.Peskine@arm.com>
Unify the common parts of mbedtls_dhm_make_params and mbedtls_dhm_make_public.
No intended behavior change, except that the exact error code may
change in some corner cases which are too exotic for the existing unit
tests.
Signed-off-by: Gilles Peskine <Gilles.Peskine@arm.com>
mbedtls_dhm_make_params() with x_size != size of P is not likely to be
useful, but it's supported, so test it.
Signed-off-by: Gilles Peskine <Gilles.Peskine@arm.com>
Repeat a few tests that use random data. This way the code is
exercised with a few different random values.
Signed-off-by: Gilles Peskine <Gilles.Peskine@arm.com>
Improve the validation of the output from mbedtls_dhm_make_params:
* Test that the output in the byte buffer matches the value in the
context structure.
* Test that the calculated values are in the desired range.
Signed-off-by: Gilles Peskine <Gilles.Peskine@arm.com>
Instead of generating blinding values in a not-quite-uniform way
(https://github.com/ARMmbed/mbedtls/issues/4245) with copy-pasted
code, use mbedtls_mpi_random().
Signed-off-by: Gilles Peskine <Gilles.Peskine@arm.com>
Since mbedtls_mpi_random() is not specific to ECC code, move it from
the ECP module to the bignum module.
This increases the code size in builds without short Weierstrass
curves (including builds without ECC at all) that do not optimize out
unused functions.
Signed-off-by: Gilles Peskine <Gilles.Peskine@arm.com>
Rename mbedtls_ecp_gen_privkey_sw to mbedtls_mpi_random since it has
no particular connection to elliptic curves beyond the fact that its
operation is defined by the deterministic ECDSA specification. This is
a generic function that generates a random MPI between 1 inclusive and
N exclusive.
Slightly generalize the function to accept a different lower bound,
which adds a negligible amount of complexity.
Signed-off-by: Gilles Peskine <Gilles.Peskine@arm.com>
Add unit tests for private key generation on short Weierstrass curves.
These tests validate that the result is within the desired range.
Additionally, they validate that after performing many iterations, the
range is covered to an acceptable extent: for tiny ranges, all values
must be reached; for larger ranges, all value bits must reach both 0
and 1.
Signed-off-by: Gilles Peskine <Gilles.Peskine@arm.com>
mbedtls_ecp_gen_privkey_mx generates a random number with a certain
top bit set. Depending on the size, it would either generate a number
with that top bit being random, then forcibly set the top bit to
1 (when high_bit is not a multiple of 8); or generate a number with
that top bit being 0, then set the top bit to 1 (when high_bit is a
multiple of 8). Change it to always generate the top bit randomly
first.
This doesn't make any difference in practice: the probability
distribution is the same either way, and no supported or plausible
curve has a size of the form 8n+1 anyway. But it slightly simplifies
reasoning about the behavior of this function.
Signed-off-by: Gilles Peskine <Gilles.Peskine@arm.com>
Don't calculate the bit-size of the initially generated random number.
This is not necessary to reach the desired distribution of private
keys, and creates a (tiny) side channel opportunity.
This changes the way the result is derived from the random number, but
does not affect the resulting distribution.
Signed-off-by: Gilles Peskine <Gilles.Peskine@arm.com>
The library rejected an RNG input of all-bits-zero, which led to the
key 2^{254} (for Curve25519) having a 31/32 chance of being generated
compared to other keys. This had no practical impact because the
probability of non-compliance was 2^{-256}, but needlessly
complicated the code.
The exception was added in 98e28a74e3 to
avoid the case where b - 1 wraps because b is 0. Instead, change the
comparison code to avoid calculating b - 1.
Signed-off-by: Gilles Peskine <Gilles.Peskine@arm.com>
Test the exact output from known RNG input. This is overly
constraining, but ensures that the code has good properties.
Signed-off-by: Gilles Peskine <Gilles.Peskine@arm.com>
If a fallback is not explicitly configured in the
mbedtls_test_rnd_buf_info structure, fail after the buffer is
exhausted.
There is no intended behavior change in this commit: all existing uses
of mbedtls_test_rnd_buffer_rand() have been updated to set
mbedtls_test_rnd_std_rand as the fallback.
Signed-off-by: Gilles Peskine <Gilles.Peskine@arm.com>
For Montgomery keys, n_bits is actually the position of the highest
bit and not the number of bits, which would be 1 more (fence vs
posts). Rename the variable accordingly to lessen the confusion.
No semantic change.
Signed-off-by: Gilles Peskine <Gilles.Peskine@arm.com>
Put the Montgomery and short Weierstrass implementations of
mbedtls_ecp_gen_privkey into their own function which can be tested
independently, but will not be part of the public ABI/API.
Signed-off-by: Gilles Peskine <Gilles.Peskine@arm.com>
