Move the persistent storage implementation from psa_key_slot_t to
psa_key_id_t. For the most part, this just means changing the types of
function arguments.
Update the documentation of some functions to reflect the fact that
the slot identifier is purely a storage identifier and is not related
to how the slot is designated in memory.
The new file is conditionally compiled with the new mbedtls
configuration option that Mbed OS would set by default -
`MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_STORAGE_ITS_C`.
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