qapi: Forbid empty unions and useless alternates

Empty unions serve no purpose, and while we compile with gcc
which permits them, strict C99 forbids them. We happen to inject
a dummy 'void *data' member into the C unions that represent QAPI
unions and alternates, but we want to get rid of that member (it
pollutes the namespace for no good reason), which would leave us
with an empty union if the user didn't provide any branches. While
empty structs make sense in QAPI, empty unions don't add any
expressiveness to the QMP language. So prohibit them at parse
time. Update the documentation and testsuite to match.

Note that the documentation already mentioned that alternates
should have "two or more JSON data types"; so this also fixes
the code to enforce that. However, we have existing uses of a
union type with only one branch, so the 2-or-more strictness
is intentionally limited to alternates.

Backports commit 02a57ae32b08e8981b59979b80e682c9a153e94d from qemu

qemu/scripts/qapi.py

@@ -592,7 +592,11 @@ def check_union(expr, expr_info):
                                 "Discriminator '%s' must be of enumeration "
                                 "type" % discriminator)
 
-    # Check every branch
+    # Check every branch; don't allow an empty union
+    if len(members) == 0:
+        raise QAPIExprError(expr_info,
+                            "Union '%s' cannot have empty 'data'" % name)
+
     for (key, value) in members.items():
         check_name(expr_info, "Member of union '%s'" % name, key)
 
@@ -615,7 +619,11 @@ def check_alternate(expr, expr_info):
     members = expr['data']
     types_seen = {}
 
-    # Check every branch
+    # Check every branch; require at least two branches
+    if len(members) < 2:
+        raise QAPIExprError(expr_info,
+                            "Alternate '%s' should have at least two branches "
+                            "in 'data'" % name)
     for (key, value) in members.items():
         check_name(expr_info, "Member of alternate '%s'" % name, key)
 
@@ -1062,6 +1070,7 @@ class QAPISchemaObjectTypeVariants(object):
         assert bool(tag_member) != bool(tag_name)
         assert (isinstance(tag_name, str) or
                 isinstance(tag_member, QAPISchemaObjectTypeMember))
+        assert len(variants) > 0
         for v in variants:
             assert isinstance(v, QAPISchemaObjectTypeVariant)
         self.tag_name = tag_name